All buildings can catch fire. But buildings that are built of
fire-resistant materials give the residents enough time to escape in the event
of a fire. Fire-resistant materials need not necessarily be noncombustible, but
they possess properties that slow down the spreading of fire.
Here is a quick overview of fire-resistant siding and roofing
materials:
Fiberglass-Based Asphalt
Shingles
Asphalt shingles are the least expensive residential roofing materials.
They are also fire-resistant. Fiberglass-based shingles offer excellent fire
resistance, especially when they are installed with underlayments that comply
with fire codes.
Metal Tile
Metal tiles aren't combustible and when they have fire-resistant
barrier materials under them, they offer excellent protection from fire. These
tiles are lightweight and don't require much maintenance.
Clay Tile
Clay tiles are not only durable but also noncombustible.
Recycled-Rubber Tile
Roofing materials made of recycled rubber are light weight. They are
also quite cheap. Better still, they meet tough fire resistance requirements.
Slate
Nothing can beat slate in terms of elegance, beauty and versatility.
These tiles are almost indestructible and noncombustible. Slate tiles are
heavy, so you need to ensure that your roof is strong enough to support them.
Fiber Cement
Fiber cement shingles have excellent fire resistance. They are made
from a mixture of sand, wood and Portland cement. They can withstand high heat
for up to 4 hours. If you are planning to use fiber-cement sidings, you need to
add gypsum-board underlayments. This will offer maximum protection against
fire.
However, you need to remember that you can't get protection from fire
by simply cladding your house in fire-resistant roofing and siding materials.
If there are cracks or holes in the walls, the embers will find their way
inside. Other inflammable surfaces also
increase the risk of fire. So don't forget to enclose soffits and eaves with a
fire-retardant trim.
Stone Veneer
Stone veneer is another noncombustible natural material that you can
use to wrap your roof. By using fire-rated mortar and repairing cracks
periodically, you can prevent the stones from popping off under the heat of a
fire.
Exterior Insulation Finish
Systems (EIFS)
An EIFS finish does not look much different from stucco. It is created
by applying an acrylic cement finish over a fiberglass lath. By adding a foam
insulation layer to the back of the cement, you can prevent cracking. Note that
some EIFS products don't have fire ratings because the noncombustible materials
in them will readily fall off when they are confronted with heat. However, EIFS
will not make the underlying wall system vulnerable to fire.
Treated Wood
Natural wood is highly inflammable. However, several roofing and siding
companies now sell shingles and clapboards mixed with fire-retardant chemicals.
If you use them, you should retreat the wood periodically to retain its fire
resistant property because chemicals can leach out over time.
Masonry
Fire retardant stucco walls and bricks offer decent protection from
fire provided that they are of the required thickness. While these materials
are slightly expensive, they will last decades if they are properly installed
and maintained. A layer of gypsum is more than enough to slow down the
conduction of heat from your siding to your framing.
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